Overview of produced water in oilfield
Abstract
Oil and gas reservoirs can contain water as a reservoir fluid. The water precentage ranges from a few (%) to almost total water saturation. The waters found in the oil and gas reservoirs are genetically related to oil origin and represent mixture of organic and inorganic materials. These waters are of marine origin and contain mineral salts such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3, SO4. Produced water must be subjected to a particular treatment before the deposal so as not to contaminate the environment, primarly watercourses. The mineral composition of these waters can cause the occurence of limescale, which in turn result in damage of the equipment such as injection pumps, corrosion of metal parts etc. The paper presents an overview of the hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwaters of oil and gas reservoirs and produced water into the bargain. Produced or wastewater can be used among other things to inject into the aquifers of the oilfield to increase the production of crude oil as well as their treatment.
References
AKSIN,V. (1967) Petroleum geology. Novi Sad: Naftagas.
PRSTOJEVIĆ, B. (2012) Priprema nafte, gasa i ležišnih voda. Belgrade: Faculty of Mining and Geology. Processing of oil, gas and groundwater
DANILOVIC, D. (2016) An oilfield in Libya: A new model to enhance waste water disposal, Energy &Environment, 27(6-7), pp.704-712.
BANSAL, K.M and CAUDLE, D.D. (1998) Interferences With Produced Water Treatment for Dispersed Oil Removal. In: International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, June 1998.Caracas: Society of Petroleum Engineers,1-7.
PITCHEL, J. (2016) Oil and Gas Production Wastewater: Soil Contamination and Pollution Prevention. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2016 (8), pp. 1-24.
MARSID, M. et al. (1994) Production Water Treatment.In: Presentation at the Second International Conference on Health, Safety & Environment in Oil & Gas Exploration & Production, January 1994. Jakarta. Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp. 699-704.
FAKHRU’L-RAZI, A. (2009). Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 170(2-3), pp. 530-551.
LIU, N. (2007) Factors Determining the Reverse- Osmosis Performance of Zeolite Membranes on Produced- Water Purification,In: International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry,February 2007. Houston. Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp. 1-7
HANSEN, B.R. (1994) Review of potential technologies for the removal of dissolved components from produced water. Chemical Engineering and Design.72(2), pp.176-188.
EKINS, P.R. et al. (2007) Zero emissions of oil in water from offshore oil and gas installations: economic and environmental implications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 15(13-14), pp.1302-1315.
WESCHENFELDER, S.E. et al. (2015) Oilfield produced water treatment by ceramic membranes: Bench and pilot scale evaluation. Journal of Membrane Science, 495, pp. 242-251.
KUSWORO, T.D. et al. (2018) Oilfield produced water treatment to clean water using intergrated activated carbon-bentonite adsorbent and double stages membrane process. Chemical Engineering Journal, 347, pp.462-471.
DICKHOUT, J.M. et al. (2017) Produced water treatment by membranes: a review from a colloidal perspective. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 487, pp.523-534.
ZHA, S. et al. (2017) Intergrating a novel TS-af-HFM NF process for portable treatment of oilfield produced water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 311, pp. 203-208 .
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
