PLANNING THE OPERATION OF Li-ION BATTERY-POWERED TRUCKS

Vladimir Milisavljević; Ognjen Popović; Dragana Savić; Alberto Martinetti

doi:10.5937/podrad2501161M

Vladimir Milisavljević University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mining and Geology, Djusina 7, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-0138
Ognjen Popović University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mining and Geology, Djusina 7, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9005-0092
Dragana Savić Mining Institute Ltd. Batajnički put 2, Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3396-9435
Alberto Martinetti University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Enschede, Netherlands https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-1431

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/podrad2501161M

Keywords: transportation planning, batteries, available energy, trucks

Abstract

This paper analyses the planning of operation for underground mining trucks powered by lithium-ion batteries. Trucks supplied by the companies Epiroc and Sandvik are used as examples, comparing their characteristics with equivalent diesel-engine models. These trucks have similar payload capacities and dimensions, but significant differences in available energy, demonstrating that battery-powered trucks have substantially lower autonomy. The paper describes a method for estimating the autonomy of battery-powered trucks, taking into account motor efficiency, energy losses, and regenerative braking. A procedure is presented for determining the energy consumption for truck movement along a known route, considering the total resistance. It is demonstrated that the lower available energy of battery-powered trucks is a major factor necessitating a different approach to planning their operation in underground mining.